Development of improved sugarcane varieties

 

BSRI has developed and released 35 high yielding, high sugar varieties which are being cultivated in 99% areas of mills zone and about 60% of non-mill zone.

 

Table-1. Yield, Sugar recovery and maturity status of some popular varieties of BSRI


Variety
 		 Year of Release Yield (t/ha) Sugar Recovery (%) Maturity Habit

Isd 2/54

Isd 16

LJC

Isd 18

Isd 19

Isd 20

Isd 21

Isd 22

Isd 25

Isd 28

Isd 29

Isd 30

Isd 31

Isd 32

Isd 33

Isd 34

Isd 35

Isd 36

Isd 37

Isd 38

1967

1981

1982

1988

1988

1990

1990

1993

1993

1996

1998

2000

2000

2002

2002

2002

2003

2003

2006

2007

83.0

102.0

99.0

97.0

97.0

83.0

87.0

87.0

97.0

90.0

93.0

110.0

90.0

104.0

99.0

93.0

94.0

89.0

101.0

113.0

11.40

12.28

10.75

10.72

11.06

11.02

12.10

11.34

10.56

11.30

10.87

10.39

10.21

10.23

11.31

10.68

11.02

11.49

11.92

12.18

 

 

Medium

Early

Medium

Medium

Medium

Medium

Early

Early

Medium

Medium

Medium

Early

Medium

Medium

Early

Medium

Early

Early

Early

Early

 

 

 

Five new improved sugarcane varieties have been approved by National Seed Board in its 51st meeting (27.11.02) and 53rd meeting (13.10.03)

Name of the clone: I 155-91

Proposed name : BSRI Ikkhu 32

Special features :

·        High yielding

·        Mid-maturing

·        Flood-tolerant

·        Resistant against major insect and disease pests

Average yield 104 ton/ha

Yield of standard variety Isd 16 is 81 ton/ha

Name of the clone: I209-91

Proposed name: BSRI Ikkhu 33

Special features:

·        High sucrose content

·        Early maturing

·        Drought tolerant

·        High yielding

Average yield 100 ton/ha

Yield of standard variety Isd 16 is 81 ton/ha

Name of the clone: Bo 91

Proposed name: BSRI Ikkhu 34

Special features:

·        Water logging tolerant

·        Mid-maturing

·        Resistant against major insect and disease pests

Average yield 93 ton/ha

Yield of standard variety Isd 16 is 81 ton/ha

Name of the clone: I 93-93

Proposed name: BSRI Ikkhu 35

Special features:

·        High sucrose content

·        Early maturing

·        Drought tolerant

·        High yielding

 Average yield 94 ton/ha

Yield of standard variety Isd 28 is 87 ton/ha

Name of the clone: I 110-93

Proposed name: BSRI Ikkhu 36

Special features:

·        High sucrose content

·        Early maturing

·        Drought, flood and water logging tolerant

Average yield 89 ton/ha

Yield of standard variety Isd 20  is 85 ton/ha

Name of the clone: I 8-95

Proposed name: BSRI Ikkhu 37

Special features:

·        High sucrose content

·        Early maturing

·        Drought, flood and water logging tolerant

-      Good for charland

-      Quick growing

Average yield 101 ton/ha

Yield of standard variety Isd 20  is 88 ton/ha

Name of the clone: I 131-97

Proposed name: BSRI Ikkhu 38

Special features:

·        High sucrose content

-        High yielding

·        Early maturing

·        Highly tolerant to flood

-      Quick growing

Average yield 113 ton/ha

Yield of standard variety Isd 29  is 96 ton/ha

 

 

Sugarcane varieties based on maturity behavior

 

·         Early maturing varieties are : Isd 16, Isd 22, Isd 24, Isd 26, Isd 27 and Isd 33.

·         Medium maturing varieties are : Isd 18, Isd 19, Isd 20, Isd 28, Isd 29, Isd 31, Isd 32 and Isd 34.

·         Isd 15 (BO 96) is a late maturing variety.

 

Sugarcane varieties for stress (draught, water-logging, flood and salinity) prone areas

 

·         LJC, Isd 20, Isd 21, Isd 22, Isd 24, Isd 25, Isd 26, Isd 27, Isd 29, Isd 30 and Isd 31.

 

Sugarcane varieties suitable for gur making (having golden/light brown colour of gur)

 

·         Isd 16, Isd 21, Isd 22, Isd 24, Isd 25, Isd 29, Isd 30 and Isd 31.

 

Sugarcane varieties for ratooning

 

·         Isd 2-54, LJC, Isd 20, Isd 21, Isd 27, Isd 28, Isd 29, Isd 30, Isd 31, Isd 32, Isd 33 and Isd 34.

 

Sugarcane varieties for chewing purposes

 

·         Isd 24, Amrita

 

Spaced Transplanting (STP) technology has been recommended which can make sugarcane farming more profitable. The salient features of STP are:

 

·         It saves 60% seed cane

·         It ensures high population, uniform crop stand, higher stalk weight

·         It increases seed multiplication ratio (1:30) over conventional method

·         It increases 50%-80% yield and economic benefit

·         It generates rural employments.

 

To make STP technology easier and handy, method of stalkless settlings of sugarcane has been developed. In this method production and transportation of sugarcane settlings are very easy and cheaper

 

Technologies of sequential cropping with sugarcane have been recommended

 

 

Table-2. Yield and economies of some recommended intercropping packages with Paired-row STP sugarcane.

Intercropping package

Cane

equivalent yield (t/ha)

Production

increased over control (%)

Income

increased over control (%)

Sole sugarcane (STP) control

64.0

 

 

Sugarcane (STP) + Potato - Mungbean

 154.1 140.0 183.8

Sugarcane (STP) + Onion - Mungbean

 120.5 87.7 94.5

Sugarcane (STP) + Garlic - Green manuring

 143.6 124.0 136.2

Sugarcane (STP) + Cabbage - Green manuring

 197.8 208.1 304.2

Sugarcane (STP) + Cauliflower - Green manuring

 148.0 130.0 157.6

 

Other intercropping packages

 

·         Potato/onion/garlic with sugarcane in single row

·         Potato-mungbean/GM with sugarcane in paired row

·         Onion-mungbean/GM with sugarcane in paired row

·         Garlic-mungbean/GM with sugarcane in paired row

·         Cabbage-mungbean/GM with sugarcane in paired row

·         Cauliflower-mungbean/GM with sugarcane in paired row

·         Broccoli-mungbean/GM with sugarcane in paired row

·         Mustard - GM with sugarcane in paired row

·         Lentil - GM with sugarcane in paired row

 

Better Ratoon management

 

This package of technologies ensures 25%-30% higher yield and 0.5-1.0 unit higher sucrose recovery in ratoon cane.

 

·         Selection of suitable varieties

·         Deep harvesting

·         Fertilizers management

·         Stubble shaving and gap filling

·         Pest and disease management etc.

 

Agronomic management practices of sugarcane. These include land selection and preparation, selection of seedcane, planting time, planting method, optimum population, irrigation, weed management, harvesting technique etc.

 

Recommended and updated fertilizer doses and management practices for sugarcane, ratoon cane and its intercrops for 12 AEZs where sugarcane is cultivated

 

Sugarcane disease management

 

Forty sugarcane diseases have been identified of which 10 are major and harmful.

 

·         Use of disease-free clean seed of resistant varieties in high and medium high land to reduce the incidence of red-rot disease and to control mosaic disease is recommended.

·         Use of moist-hot-air-treated seed cane to control white leaf disease is recommended.

·         Use of hot water treated seed materials to control ratoon stunting and smut disease is recommended.

·         Uses of Bavistin treated seed cane to control sett-rot disease and Urea in different doses to control striga (a root parasite of sugarcane) are recommended.

 

Sugarcane pests management. Sixty-nine sugarcane insects and mite pests have been identified of which 10 are major. Different control measures are as follows :

 

·         Biological control of TSB, SB and pyrilla

·         Cultural and mechanical control measeures.

·         Chemical control measures of TSB, WG, Termite,

·         RSB, SB, ESB

·         IPM for sugarcane.

 

BSRI has developed a good number of agricultural machineries and implements for sugarcane cultivation including improved power crusher and paired row trencher